Transvaginal Ultrasound: This procedure uses a thin long ultrasound probewhich is inserted into the vagina and produce images of pelvic organs. Although it is not a pleasant procedure, is not painful and is well tolerated by the majority of women. It helps to evaluate the ovaries and uterus.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG): This test is an X-ray that shows the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes. In most cases, it is done right after the menstrual period. A small amount of dye is placed in the uterus through a thin tube inserted through the cervix. Then, an X-ray is taken. The fluid outlines the inside of the uterus and shows (by a spill of the fluid out of the tubes) whether they are open. You may be given pain relief for this procedure.
Hysteroscopy: This procedure permits the doctor to evaluate the inside of the uterus. A thin telescope-like device, called hysteroscope, is placed through the cervix. The inside of the uterus is filled with a liquid or gas to permit the hysteroscope to have a good quality of picture. With this procedure, the doctor can also correct some problems like removing polyps, submucosal fibroids or uterine septum.
Laparoscopy: A small telescope-like device, called a laparoscope, is inserted under general anaesthesia through a small cut (about 1cm or less) at the lower edge of the umbilicus. The doctor can look at the tubes, ovaries, and uterus. The doctor can look for pelvic problems, such as endometriosis or scar tissue. Fluid is placed into the uterus to see if the fluid spills from the ends of the tubes. This shows if the tubes are open or blocked. By adding two or three extra cuts at the lower abdomen, the doctor can sometimes perform an operation to correct the problem of infertility.